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Collaborative democracy—government with the people—is a new vision of governance in the digital age. Wiki Government explains how to translate the vision into reality. Beth Simone Noveck draws on her experience in creating Peer-to-Patent, the federal government's first social networking initiative, to show how technology can connect the expertise of the many to the power of the few. In the process, she reveals what it takes to innovate in government.
Launched in 2007, Peer-to-Patent connects patent examiners to volunteer scientists and technologists via the web. These dedicated but overtaxed officials decide which of the million-plus patent applications currently in the pipeline to approve. Their decisions help determine which start-up pioneers a new industry and which disappears without a trace. Patent examiners have traditionally worked in secret, cut off from essential information and racing against the clock to rule on lengthy, technical claims. Peer-to-Patent broke this mold by creating online networks of self-selecting citizen experts and channeling their knowledge and enthusiasm into forms that patent examiners can easily use.
Peer-to-Patent shows how policymakers can improve decisionmaking by harnessing networks to public institutions. By encouraging, coordinating, and structuring citizen participation, technology can make government both more open and more effective at solving today's complex social and economic problems. Wiki Government describes how this model can be applied in a wide variety of settings and offers a fundamental rethinking of effective governance and democratic legitimacy for the twenty-first century.
- Sales Rank: #1831863 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Brookings Institution Press
- Published on: 2009-04-13
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.10" w x 6.30" l, 1.15 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 224 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"A sweeping visionary yet highly pragmatic book! Beth Noveck concretely shows how to leverage the participatory nature of web 2.0 technologies to build a new kind of participatory democracy and a smart, lean government. She speaks from experience. A must read not just for policy folks and the digerati but for any of us wanting to understand how to tap the collective and diverse wisdom of the America to create a better, more connected style of democracy." —John Seely Brown, Former Chief Scientist, Xerox Corp and Director of its Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
"Beth Noveck is one of the most innovative thinkers working today on how to reform government using digital technologies. Her theory of collaborative democracy is a genuine advance. Wiki Government offers indispensable advice for anyone who wants to learn how to foster democratic participation in digital environments." —Jack M. Balkin, Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment and director of the Information Society Project, Yale Law School
"A fascinating look at how government can be transformed for the needs and opportunities of the twenty-first century." —Don Tapscott, coauthor of Wikinomics and author of Grown Up Digital
"The Internet has taught us that good ideas come from everywhere. Wiki Government translates that lesson for policymakers. With a compelling blend of high theory and practical know-how, Beth Noveck explains how political institutions can directly engage the public to solve complex problems and create a better democracy." —Eric Schmidt, chairman and CEO, Google Inc.
"After more than fifteen years of public service, I've seen firsthand the difference it makes when government focuses on meaningful, measurable outcomes. Wiki Government shows how citizens' voices and expertise can transform and help deliver effective, efficient government. This book is a must-read for policymakers committed to participatory democracy." —Timothy M. Kaine, governor of Virginia
" Wiki Government both instructs and motivates policymakers to use collaborative tools to strengthen government accountability and engage citizens directly in this critical endeavor. This book is not just for tech geeks and policy wonks but also for the millions of Americans who demonstrated in 2008 how eager they are to engage individually in government reform." —John Podesta, president and CEO, Center for American Progress, and former White House chief of staff
"At once visionary and pragmatic, Wiki Government offers the first glimpse of how public officials might enlist the wisdom of crowds in order to improve government's decisions —while promoting participation at the same time. A brilliant book and a truly extraordinary achievement." —Cass R. Sunstein, Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law, Harvard Law School
"Beth Noveck concretely shows how to leverage the participatory nature of Web 2.0 technologies to build a new kind of participatory democracy and a smart, lean government. A must-read not just for policy folks and the digerati but for any of us wanting to understand how to tap the collective and diverse wisdom of the American people to create a better, more connected style of democracy." —John Seely Brown, former chief scientist, Xerox Corp.
"Noveck's approach to e-governance is to study where citizen online collaboration can have an impact, and she shows that one can design for participatory democracy with compelling results." — Library Journal
"An inspiring and ambitious book, Noveck uses the United States Patent Trade Office (USPTO) "Peer-to-Patent" model which invites the public to participate in the patent examination process, as the central example of how ordinary people can participate within democracy in the digital age." — OhMyGov!
"Book of the week" —Michel Bauwens, P2P Foundation
"Good reading." —Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland, Science
About the Author
Beth Simone Noveck is professor of law and director of the Institute for Information Law and Policy at New York Law School and a visiting professor at Stanford University. She advised the Obama-Biden campaign and transition project on innovation and government.
Most helpful customer reviews
5 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Required reading for improving government
By Andy Nash
Anyone interested in using the Internet to help improve the way government works should read this book. Noveck presents an excellent background describing the problems with existing government decision-making processes, a case study of the Peer-to-patent process she helped develop and recommendations for developing effective Internet based applications.
The book is well written and edited, easy to read and full of examples that will spur your creativity. I read it quickly and thought it was very good, but as I go back and re-read sections I think it's extraordinary.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Electronic Government For The People?
By Pat B
Many feel that government will be improved when there is more participation by individual citizens. In Wiki Government,1 Beth Simone Noveck tells of the potential for using information technology to acquire more input from the citizenry. Noveck sees more social justice in a world in which government actions are influenced by the inputs of citizens on the Internet with social networking software.
Peer-To-Patent
Wiki Government starts off by recounting one successful use by government of the interactive technology of Web 2.0. The author directed this project when she was a Professor at New York Law School. The demonstration project is the Peer-To-Patent Initiative, a system that now facilitates the processing of patents in the field of information technology at the US Patent Office.
The problem faced by the Peer-To-Patent demonstration project is multi-faceted: the allocated time for a bureaucrat to approve a patent is short, many patents are approved in error, and this leads to costly litigation. The solution is to provide government officials with better information when they are making decisions. This information comes from the online collaboration of relevant volunteers who participate in Peer-To-Patent.
A volunteer user of Peer-To-Patent initially chooses from a list of patent applications and joins a team that's reviewing one. The reviewers discuss the application's focus and quality with posted comments, suggest further research, and inputs of prior "art." The latter is documentation of significant advances in information technology that occurred before the date of the patent application. The intellectual property in this prior "art" is protected by functions that are built-in to Peer-To-Patent.
Each member of a Peer-To-Patent team rates the team's findings and the best are provided to the US Patent Office in an Information Disclosure Statement. In this way, the team influences, but does not make, the decision of the US Patent Office on a patent application.
Problems At (...)
Right now there is a US government web page, (...), where citizens can leave comments about government regulations. An overall evaluation of this site indicates that it has not increased the amount of useful information available to government. It has become a place where participants tend to "notice and spam" rather than "notice and comment."
Noveck sees a need to transform sites like (...) into places where citizens become better informed by reading others' comments, collaborators build on the inputs of others, and experts criticize and respond to what they see. Such processes are facilitated when each participant is assigned to a group whose members are discussing similar issues and topics. The resulting teams of participants will develop more meaningful outcomes that convey better information than the flood of one-off pronouncements that are currently received by (...).
New Initiatives
Beth Noveck foresees developing further Internet based applications, like Peer-To-Patent, in her current position of US Deputy Chief Technology Officer for Open Government. She leads the Open Government Initiative.
One proposal is for a "bubble up" system for determining questions for the US President to answer in regular media sessions. In such a system, participants submit questions, the questions are rated by other participants, and only the best are presented to the President. Wiki Government tells of similar systems being used with the politicians in other countries, and television personalities.
Another proposal is for a "civic jury." The jury is randomly chosen from volunteers to monitor the decisions of a policy maker in a government department - the example given is for policies in education. The jury members read and comment on an electronic blog in which the policy maker gives reasons for decisions taken. Sub-groups of the jury keep up wiki's about specific decisions and policy areas.
Motivating the Right Participants
Wiki Government does discuss problems of motivating knowledgeable people to participate in a system of electronic commenting. Wiki Government points out that the screens in successful systems are designed to respect users and give feedback in such a way that contributors feel that they are part of a community. The systems are also designed to quickly weed out frivolous communications so that meaningful participants feel they are speaking with others of similar stature.
There may still be problems of motivating knowledgeable volunteers and specialists to spend their free time by continually returning to an Internet site and commenting on more than one issue. One way of obtaining the regular contribution of time is through public-private partnerships. As it is, many participants in Peer-To-Patent were employees of the major sponsoring
2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Almost a Five--Making Wrong Things Righter
By Robert David STEELE Vivas
I sat down intending to make this a five, but the two fluff reviews have to be off-set. Robert Ackoff would say this is a spectacular book about making the wrong things righter instead of the right things righter--too many lawyers and focused on improving a patent approval system that probably needs to be eradicated and the buildings and files plowed under with salt. It also lost one star because I was one of the 4,000 that actually participated in the Open Government experiment, where the legalization of marijuana triumphed and every time someone voted for my governance reform idea, a "monitor" from the partisan correctness office came in and voted against it moving it back down to zero. The author is naive to think this initiative is going anywhere without electoral reform that displaces the two-party tyranny and restores the Constitution, the Article 1 independence of an honest Congress, and integrity of the Executive at the political level. [See especially Chapter 21 in my new book that just went to the printer, INTELLIGENCE for EARTH: Clarity, Diversity, Integrity, & Sustainaabilty and is free online at Phi Beta Iota the Public Intelligence Blog, and my earlier wire-bound book, also free online, Election 2008: Lipstick on the Pig (Substance of Governance; Legitimate Grievances; Candidates on the Issues; Balanced Budget 101; Call to Arms: Fund We Not Them; Annotated Bibliography).
Having said that, I found this book to be spectacularly informative, thoughtful, useful, with extraordinary insights and suggestions that were over-shadowed by the focus on the patent system--suggestions about the-redesign of government, for example. I recommend reading my reviews of SMS Uprising: Mobile Activism in Africa and of The Myth of Digital Democracy along with this review, the three books were read together as a set. Below are some quotes and my fly-leaf notes. This book is a foundation stone for righteous change into the future, but only that first stone.
QUOTE (xvi): Done right, it is possible now to achieve greater competence by making good information available for better governance, improve effectiveness by leveraging the available tools to engender new forms of collective action, and strengthen and deepen democracy by creating government by the people, of the people, and *with* the people.
QUOTE (17-18). A handful of employees in an institution--any institution-cannot possess as much information as the many dispersed individuals who make up a field. ... in an exploding ecosystem, including government: most knowledge lies outside the boundaries of the institution."
QUOTE (25): The patent system is just one example of how government institutions create single points of failure by concentrating decision-making power in the hands of the few, whether legislators in Congress, cabinet officials in the executive branch, or bureaucrats in agencies.
QUOTE (27): Or, as Scott Page, the University of Michigan author of The Difference: How the Power of Diversity Creates Better Groups, Firms, Schools, and Societies (New Edition) puts it, "Diversity trumps ability"--this is a mathematical truth, not a feel-good mantra.
QUOTE (40): What is lacking, though, are effective ways for government to be responsive to the public, as opposed to corporate interests, large stakeholders, and interest groups.
QUOTE (48): [Patent] Examiners have reason to be unhappy. They have the increasingly difficult job of making legally enforceable decisions in the public interest without the benefit of enough time or adequate informational resources. [Elsewhere the author observes that examiners are explicitly forbidden to use the Internet to search for information.]
QUOTE (57): Many kinds of information are not to be easily found even with the best search tools. Physicists no longer publish in journals when they can publish in Arxiv, the online repository with 500,000 physics preprints. But some fields do not publish in readily searchable sources online or off. For Example, computer science does not have a culture of universal academic publishing. Industry and academic programmers publish their computer code repositories on the web, generally unindexed, unclassified, and undocumented, making that code accessible to other programmers familiar with the subject matter but making it harder for examiners to find and cite. [Elsewhere the author observers that examiners are completely cut off from foreign patent and prior art archives.]
QUOTE (110): When groups interact with information, their members can leverage diverse skills to transform raw data into useful knowledge. [I've been calling this Information Arbitrage for decades, see THE SMART NATION ACT: Public Intelligence in the Public Interest.
QUOTE 111): Bringing diversity to data can have life-saving effects.
QUOTE (190): The official no longer needs to be the sole decision maker. Instead, new technology can help bridge the chasm between public participation and public policy in issues ranging from climate change to patent. Collaborative governance is an idea whose time has come.
QUOTE (197 Note 58): The ideal type of citizens' group is one that is "composed of representatives of all strata of its community; it would be unbiased, courteous, well-organized, adequately financed, articulate." David Guimary, Citizens Groups and Broadcasting (New York: Praeger, 1975), p. 148 [Not available for linkage within Amazon.]
Fly-leaf notes:\
BIG PLUS: Author states the Internet is not a killer app. Totally agree, see my many reviews on Information Operations, Information Society, and Information Technology (at Phi Beta Iota).
BIG PLUS: The author's agenda includes re-design of government, huge agreement with the need. See my review of The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking is the Next Competitive Advantage Scary part: lawyers in charge of design.
The author distinguishes between deliberative democracy (inputs) and collaborative democracy (full engagement) but neglects participatory democracy (citizen-driven self-governance).
Book does not really address the core obstacle, engaging the 90% of the citizenry that will not demonstrate the passion for participation that accompanies financially-motivated engagement now tied to patent reviews. The author settles for egalitarian self-selection, but toward the end of the book brings up Civic Juries modeled on the Danish method (see the books by Tom Atlee and by Jim Rough as well as Collective Intelligence: Creating a Prosperous World at Peace.
Collaboration produces new problem solving strategies. I agree with this, but instead of trying to make a broken US system work less badly, I would be thinking about how we create a global system that is multinational, multilingual, multidisciplinary; that serves as a forcing function for not allowing technologies to be "locked up" to protect legacy technologies with huge environmental footprints, and so on.
Interesting nit: key transition team elements were Economy, Education, Energy, Foreign Policy, Health Care, Immigration and the new one, Technology, Innovation & Government Reform [as we now know, lipstick on the pig]. Agriculture, Family, Justice, Security, Society, and Water were ignored {see the Strategic Analytic Model at Phi Beta Iota the Public Intelligence Blog, and chapter 1, "The Substance of Governance" in the PIG book cited above.
The author is much taken with information visualization (see my colleague Bob Horn's still helpful Information Mapping via web, not available within Amazon]. HOWEVER, I see no cognition about citation analysis and use of the Social Science Citation Index or the Science Citation Index (see the Graphic on Fragmentation of Knowledge at Phi Beta Iota--all inks live at my copy of the review there. I fear the author lives in a cloistered world that is isolated from the true chaos of knowledge, and particularly distance from the non-elite sources of knowledge, e.g. all my friends in Hackers on Planet Earth (be there in NYC in July, bring your teen-agers).
There is nothing in this book about ecological economics, true cost, or natural capitalism, one of many reasons why I think the US patent system is long over-due for being buried alive with all serving Members of Congress.
From Wikipedia to Wiki Law--a frightening idea if one really understands the corruption inherent in Wikipedia, where editing wars and stakeholders are out of control, see especially the Open Source Intelligence page that has been so totally corrupted by CIA and four specific vendors still in the Stone Age that it is the legal equivalent of the Inquisition.
US Government shortfalls include failure to provide underlying data to the public; failure to provide for effective online search of taxpayer-funded data used by government, and failure to execute proper peer review on all fronts (not just patent).
Author concludes with ideas of policy wikis (see Earth Intelligence Network), civic juries, national online brain trust, and structured notice and comment (the USG cannot even do online hiring competently, I doubt it will get to substance anytime soon).
Ten lessons (pages 171-172):
01 Ask the right questions
02 Ask the right people
03 Design the process for the desired end
04 Design for groups, not individuals
05 Use the screen to show the group back to itself
06 Divide work into roles and tasks
07 Harness the power of reputation
08 Make policies, not websites
09 Pilot new ideas
10 Focus on outcomes, not inputs
I learn from the author of a number of web sites I was *not* aware of, I list these with live links at Phi Beta Iota, where all my reviews lead back to Amazon, but we can do thinks that Amazon has refused for years to implement (see my brief to Amazon developers at [...])
I put this book down with both enormous respect for the author--for a lawyer and an academic this is a "beyond six stars" effort--and enormous mistrust of the continuing US governance system of, by, and for Wall Street. Increasingly I believe we need a populist tax revolt combined with state nullification and if necessary secession from the Union (it's now established that Lincoln violated the Constitution in three big ways, we are the United STATES of America, NOT a union of states subordinate to a federal administrative and political machine that is so corrupt as to beg for defiance).
Two last books to show the path beyond the author's stopping point:
Come Home America: The Rise and Fall (and Redeeming Promise) of Our Country
Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder
Do not be dissuaded by the books focus on the patent system. This is a useful important first step from a point of view that normally costs $600 an hour to hear from.
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