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The Viking Discovery of America: The Excavation of a Norse Settlement in L'Anse Aux Meadows, Newfoundland, by Helge Ingstad, Anne Stine In
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The locations of Vinland and the first European settlement are mysteries that have puzzled scholars, archaeologists, and historians for more than two centuries. From 1961 to 1968, Helge Ingstad and his wife Anne Stine Ingstad, both acclaimed Viking scholars, conducted seven expeditions at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland. The results of their work are recorded in one of the most in-depth studies of the subject: The Viking Discovery of America. Combining a first-hand account of the Ingstads' groundbreaking discoveries with a compelling history of Viking explorations, this archaeological survey refutes centuries of historical assumptions about Viking contact with the New World in the centuries before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. The book details how the Ingstads meticulously worked from old Viking sagas, existing research, and their own hypotheses to piece together the story of a group of Vikings, who, faced with crowded conditions in Greenland, decided to expand their horizons, eventually discovering a new territory. Readers will also discover fascinating information about shipbuilding and navigation techniques, well-known and obscure explorers and their journeys, Viking culture and lifestyle, as well as the factors that led to the eventual evacuation of their settlement. Full-color maps and photographs from the expeditions help to bring the text alive.
- Sales Rank: #479008 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Checkmark Books
- Published on: 2001-10
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .71" h x 8.68" w x 11.21" l,
- Binding: Hardcover
- 192 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
About the Author
Helge, born 1899, and his late wife Anne Stine Ingstad, archaeologists extraordinaire, shared a special interest in Viking research. From 1961 to 1968 they conducted a series of intensive archaeological expeditions to L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland, solving the mystery of the first European settlement in North America.
Most helpful customer reviews
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Discovering THE Norse site yet found in America
By Lee Madland
This account of Norse explorations in America by Helge and Anne Stine Ingstad, focuses on the ruins they found and excavated, left by Norse settlers near the present village of L'Anse aux Meadows on the northern tip of Newfoundland, somewhere around 1000 AD according to carbon dating. Helge Ingstad, a Norwegian, wrote most of the text of this well illustrated 199-page large-format book. His archeologist wife, in charge of the actual diggings, wrote the chapter on their meticulous uncovering of the ruins of eight turf buildings during the course of seven seasons from 1961 to 1968, the largest of which, House F, contained six main rooms separated by turf walls. Much smaller but of key importance was House J, a working "smithy" in which local bog iron was smelted. The three houses A, B, and C, closely clustered together, have since been restored to original condition to form the core of a Canadian national historic park established in 1977 and open to visitors, complete with "re-enactors" dressed in Old Norse costumes. The site's second-largest house, A, is a longhouse about 75 feet in length with four rooms. Much of the described detail of the actual digs will probably be lost on many general readers, but this chapter does convey a sense of the incredibly slow and painstaking efforts involved in any important archeological dig.
No doubt of greater interest to the non-archeologically inclined will be Helge Ingstad's chapters on the background of the Norse Vinland ventures in the region, including an illuminating analysis of the two pertinent sagas. Of these, the one long believed to be the more authentic ("Erik the Red's Saga"), presumably because of its more sophisticated literary style, many now consider factually the less reliable. Its Icelandic compositor in likely about 1260 seems to have had a copy of the less polished but more sober, matter-of-fact and much more nautically aware "Greenlanders' Saga" in front of him, composed probably at least 60 years earlier and likely by a Greenlander. The redactors of "Erik's Saga" are now thought by many, including Ingstad, to have modified the story to reflect more credit on Thorfinn Karlsefni of a distinguished Icelandic family, while greatly reducing Leif Eriksson's role to that of an accidental discoverer storm-blown clear across the ocean from Norway (against the prevailing westerly winds of these latitudes, I might add as a geographer.) In his assessment of the two sagas Helge Ingstad is basically in agreement with those of Carl Sauer and Erik Wahlgren, though both have strongly disagreed with his contention that the Newfoundland structures are the ruins of Leif Eriksson's houses. The site might have been an outpost occupied for a few years at this strategic location by a group of Norse unrecorded by any extant saga, about four-fifths of the saga material having in any case been irretrievably lost. (See my reviews of the Sauer and Wahlgren books by clicking on the above link).
Be that as it may, this Newfoundland site the Ingstads uncovered has proven beyond any reasonable doubt that Norse did in fact reach North America a thousand years ago, which had been doubted in many quarters prior to that discovery. For that alone they deserve all the enormous credit they have received. And in this lucidly written final work they describe many aspects of Norse exploration and activities in the region with original and illuminating insights.
One reviewer has criticized Ingstad's analysis of the origins of the two Vinland sagas as too derisive of other views and too long. He may have a point, but...? For instance, Ingstad's discussion of the question of whether the Greenlanders' Saga derives directly from a Greenlandic written source preserved in Iceland -- and whether Erik's Saga might be a major Icelandic rewriting of it -- may strike the uninitiated as a self-serving nitpick. But this issue is key to resolving the differences between the two sagas and may go a long way toward explaining the confusion so evident in the descriptions of Erik's Saga regarding such matters as Karlsefni's search for Vinland. Greenlanders were obviously much closer to the events. Carl Sauer in "Northern Mists" (see my review) had also come to a similar conclusion: "The Greenlanders' Saga has continuity, clarity, and for the most part credible description." "[It] in my opinion is the more credible as to sensible course and sequence of voyages and matter-of-fact description of event and place."
By the way, the people we are dealing with were not "Vikings" as the title proclaims, nor does Ingstad use the word in the text except briefly and correctly as a European historical antecedent, never as applied to Iceland, Greenland or Vinland; but it seems we're stuck with it; publishers love the term in titles as it catches the public eye and helps with sales.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Amazing what a gifted amateur can acomplish!
By Michael K. Smith
Until Ingstad came along in the late 1950s, there was a principle operating among most U.S. historians which Charles Michael Boland called NEBC: "No Europeans Before Columbus." Then Ingstad, a trained lawyer and natural outdoors and explorer with a wife who was a professional archaeologist, looked again at his astute analysis of the Greenlanders' Saga and Erik's Saga, combined that with his extensive travels in the Arctic, and came to the conclusion that Helluland *had* to be Baffin Island, Markland *had* to be the mid-Atlantic coast of Labrador, and Vinland therefore *had* to be somewhere in the upper part of Newfoundland. To top it off, he was convinced that "Vinland" referred to meadows ("Vin" with a short "I"), not grapevines ("Vin" with a long "I"). In this popular but very informative treatment, he takes the reader step-by-step through his thought processes and explains in an entirely convincing manner why all this *had* to be so. Then, of course, he went out in a small boat, retraced the path Leif had taken (which itself was the reverse of the path Bjarni had taken), and when he got to the tiny, isolated village of L'Anse aux Meadows on the Strait of Belle Isle, he stopped and asked the local fishermen if they knew of any ruins in the area. "Sure do," they replied and the Ingstad spent the next eight years platting and excavating the foundations of a cluster of turf houses, plus a smithy, a kiln, and a row of boathouses on the creek that ran through the meadow. It's a fascinating story and this edition is beautifully illustrated. If you're interested in the Norse, or the history of discovery, or Newfoundland, or archaeology, you'll want to read this book.
9 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
A "must" for Viking history buffs
By Midwest Book Review
In The Viking Discovery Of America, Helge and Anne Ingstad relate the fascinating and informative story of the excavation of a Norse settlement in L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland and what this archaeological survey mean for our understanding of Viking explorations of the Western Hemisphere. With a meticulous scholarship, the Ingstads united the Viking sagas of discovery with engaging details about shipbuilding, navigation, culture, and lifestyle. The Viking Discovery Of America combines scholarly detective work with ground breaking archaeological confirmations to overturn centuries of historical assumptions and documenting Viking contact with the New World centuries before Christopher Columbus. The Viking Discovery Of America is an enthusiastically recommended addition to academic and community library collections, as well as a "must" for Viking history buffs and New World archaeology students.
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